Thom Panunzio is an audio engineer originally working at Record Plant Studios in New York. Since the mid-1970s he has engineered and produced albums by Willie Nile, Nuclear Valdez, Ozzy Osbourne, Tom Petty, Stevie Nicks, Bruce Springsteen, Willy DeVille, Tony Richards and The Kman Band, and Bob Dylan. He also produced Hammered by Motörhead andBullet Proof by rapper Hush, also featuring Phil Campbell from Motörhead.
Panunzio, along with Jimmy Iovine, left record production and has become the Head of A&R at Geffen Records. He has recently produced New Found Glory’s Coming Home.
This U.S. musical biography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thom_Panunzio”
Categories: United States music biography stubs | Living people | Audio engineers | American record producers | American music industry executives
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Aliens
Cover of Aliens Book One: Outbreak
Publication information
Publisher
Dark Horse Comics
Format
Comic book limited series and one-shots
Publication date
1988
Main character(s)
Rebecca ‘Newt’ Jorden
Corporal Dwayne Hicks
Ellen Ripley
Weyland-Yutani
Aliens is the key word in the titles of a number of comic book limited series and one-shots, first published by Dark Horse Comics in 1988 and set in the Alien fictional universe. Some stories often feature the company Weyland-Yutani and the United States Colonial Marines. Originally intended as a sequel to James Cameron’s Aliens, the first mini-series features the characters of Rebecca ‘Newt’ Jorden and Corporal Dwayne Hicks. Later series also included the further adventures of Ellen Ripley. Other stories are completely unique to the Alien universe, and are often used to explore other aspects of the species, such as their sociology and biology.
Note: The first three stories formed a continuation of the two Alien films that had been released when they were published. However, they are no longer considered canonical after the Alien 3 film featured the deaths of Newt and Corporal Hicks. In order to keep the stories relevant to the Alien films, Dark Horse Comics changed the names of the characters for future printings of the stories. Newt became Billie while Hicks was now known as Wilks. The only other major difference between the original publications is that as well as being renamed the trade paperbacks were also recoloured.
Contents
1Stories
1.1Outbreak
1.2Nightmare Asylum
1.2.1Plot Summary
2Crossovers
3Publications
4See also
5References
6External links
Stories
Outbreak
Outbreak starts 10 years after Aliens and Alien 3and 190 years before Alien Resurrection. Both Wilks and Billie have been struggling with the aftermath of their encounter with the Xenomorphs. Billie is in a mental institution, and, after nothing seems to help her, the doctors decide to wipe her memory. Wilks has never gotten over the aliens and the decimation of his squad, so he agrees to go on a mission to the alien homeworld to recover some eggs and to destroy one of the hives (the hive destroying serves no purpose other than to satisfy Wilks’s hatred). Wilks goes to visit Billie before he goes, only to find out that her memory is about to be wiped. Wilks believes Billie to be the only thing that marks his existence and the only thing that marks his squad’s sacrifice, so he rescues her and takes her to the homeworld. Their spaceship is followed by another, though…
Meanwhile, strange things are happening on Earth. A scientific corporation has acquired an alien Queen and begins harvesting eggs. A weird cult that believes the aliens to be God’s spiritual rebirth breaks in and they all give themselves up for facehugging. Earth is overrun.
On the homeworld, the team land (Billie has fallen in love with a soldier named Bueller) and are attacked by the following band of soldiers, who want the eggs for themselves. They give up their weapons and stand down, but the attackers are forced into the hive by the various other hostile species on the planet. The team gather weapons and foolishly go into the hive to rescue their attackers. They rescue a few and most of them get out, but not before the reason they so stupidly went in is revealed: they are all synthetic humans.
Billie is distraught, Bueller makes it back, but is ripped in half (revealing he is actually a synthetic) and Wilks almost kills them all by waiting until he has set the charges to take off, but they make it and go back to Earth. As soon as they get there, they have to leave, and are told by a general that they are following a standard military procedure against the aliens: they are retreating. There is a mass exodus of Earth, most of the survivors being military. Bueller, Wilks and Billie get on a ship and flee Earth.
Nightmare Asylum
Script by Mark Verheiden, art and title illustration by Den Beauvais and lettering by Willie Schubert.
Plot Summary
The story continues where Aliens: Outbreak left off with Billie, the synthetic Bueller, and Wilks a short time after having escaped the alien-infested Earth on a cargo ship. The crew discovers the ship is ferrying aliens to an unknown destination. After killing the aliens, the ship autopilots to a military post commanded by General Spears, who is breeding and attempting to train aliens to fight against their own kind on Earth. He is depicted as ruthless, and is called insane by several characters. Throughout the story it is revealed that Spears is extremely paranoid about his own safety and the safety of his aliens, and is willing to sacrifice his own troops without hesitation. As the story progresses, the aliens inevitably escape captivity and begin taking over the military base. Wilks and Billie manage to hide on the same ship General Spears uses to escape. Once aboard the ship Wilks and Billie realize it is full of “trained” aliens that Spears intends on using to take back the infested Earth. The synthetic Bueller also manages to send a transmission saying goodbye to Billie as they were separated in the middle of the story. Since Bueller is a synthetic and torn in two the aliens do not engage him in any way. Bueller is left alone and abandoned in the military base. Before Spears lands on Earth Wilks and Billie jettison out in a small escape pod towards a different space station, aware that their chances of survival on Earth are slim. Once Spears lands on Earth he releases his “trained” aliens and expects them to attack the Earth-bred aliens. The “trained” aliens end up turning on Spears. In the end Spears realizes that the aliens were never actually trained, but simply remaining patient throughout their supposed training. The Queen and the other aliens had every intention of getting to Earth and killing Spears. Spears is brutally killed at the end of this realization.
Crossovers
There have been other comic crossovers:
Aliens vs. Predator
Aliens vs. Predator vs. The Terminator
Aliens vs. Predator/Witchblade/Darkness
Batman/Aliens
Green Lantern Versus Aliens
Judge Dredd vs. Aliens
Superman vs. Aliens
Superman & Batman vs. Aliens & Predator
WildC.A.T.s/Aliens
Publications
Dark Horse has produced a number of Aliens comic books and collected volumes:
Aliens:
Aliens 1-6 (AKA Aliens Book 1 & Outbreak, by Mark Verheiden and Mark A. Nelson, Dark Horse, 1989, ISBN 1-56971-164-X, 1996, ISBN 1-56971-174-7, Titan Books, 176 pages, 1990, ISBN 1-85286-276-9, 1996, ISBN 1-85286-756-6)
Aliens 1-4 (AKA Aliens Book 2 & Nightmare Asylum, by Mark Verheiden, Denis Beauvais and Mark A. Nelson, Dark Horse, 1990, ISBN 1-878574-03-5, Titan Books, 112 pages, 1991, ISBN 1-85286-378-1, 1997, ISBN 1-85286-765-5)
Earth War 1-4 (AKA Aliens Book 3 & Female War, by Mark Verheiden and Sam Kieth, Dark Horse, 176 pages, 1991, ISBN 1-878574-23-X)
Rogue (by Ian Edginton and Will Simpson, 1993, 1994, trade paperback, 112 pages, 1995, ISBN 1-56971-023-6)
Hive (by Jerry Prosser and Kelley Jones, 1997, 128 pages, Titan Books, 1993, ISBN 1-85286-469-9, Dark Horse, ISBN 1-56971-122-4)
Labyrinth (by Jim Woodring and Kilian Plunkett, trade paperback, Titan Books, 136 pages, 1997, ISBN 1-85286-844-9)
Genocide (by John Arcudi, Damon Willis and Karl Stor, tpb, 112 pages, 1997, Titan, ISBN 1-85286-805-8, Dark Horse ISBN 1-56971-196-8)
Purge (by Ian Edginton, Phil Hester (pencils) and Ande Parks (inks), 1997, trade paperback, 88 pages, 1999, ISBN 1-56971-409-6)
“Pig” (by Chuck Dixon, Henry Flint (pencils) and Andrew Pepoy (inks), one-shot, 1997)
“Xenogenesis” (by Tom Bierbaum/Mary Bierbaum, Dave Ross (pencils) and Andrew Pepoy (inks), 4-issue mini-series, 1999)
Apocalypse: The Destroying Angels (by Mark Schultz and Doug Wheatley, 4-issue mini-series, 1999, trade paperback, 96 pages, 1999, ISBN 1-56971-399-5)
Aliens Omnibus:
Volume 1 (collects Outbreak, Nightmare Asylum, and Female War, 384 pages, July 2007, ISBN 1593077270)
Volume 2 (collects Genocide, Harvest and Colonial Marines, 448 pages, December 2007, ISBN 1-59307-828-5)
Volume 3 (collects Rogue, Labyrinth, Sacrifice and Salvation, 376 pages, March 2008, ISBN 1-59307-872-2)
Volume 4 (collects Music of the Spears, Stronghold, Frenzy (Berserker), Taste, Mondo Pest, Mondo Heat, 376 pages, July 2008, ISBN 1-59307-926-5)
Volume 5 (collects Alchemy, Kidnapped, Cargo, Survival, Alien, Earth Angel, Incubation, Havoc, Lovesick, Lucky, 364 pages, November 2008, ISBN 1-59307-991-5)
Volume 6 (collects Apocalypse, Xenogenesis, Head Hunters, Tourist Season, Pig, Border Lines, the Aliens: Special, Purge, Glass Corridor, Stalker, Wraith, Once in a Lifetime, 376 Pages, December 2008, ISBN 1-59582-214-3)
See also
Aliens, a novel series
List of comics based on films
References
^ Dark Horse Comics > Profile > Aliens Omnibus Volume 1
^ Dark Horse Comics > Profile > Aliens Omnibus Volume 2
^ Dark Horse Comics > Profile > Aliens Omnibus Volume 3
^ Dark Horse Comics > Profile > Aliens Omnibus Volume 4
^ Dark Horse Comics > Profile > Aliens Omnibus Volume 5
^ Dark Horse Comics > Profile > Aliens Omnibus Volume 6
Beautiful Monsters: The Unofficial and Unauthorised Guide to the Alien and Predator Films (by David A. McIntee, Telos, 272 pages, 2005, ISBN 1-903889-94-4)
External links
Official Website of Aliens Comics
v•d•e
Alien, Predator, and Alien vs. Predator
Alien films
Alien · Aliens · Alien 3 · Alien Resurrection
Predator films
Predator · Predator 2 · Predators
Alien vs. Predator films
Alien vs. Predator · Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem
Film characters
The Alien · Bishop · The Predator · Ellen Ripley ·Alien characters ·Predator characters ·Alien vs. Predator characters
Comic books
Aliens · Aliens versus Predator · Aliens versus Predator versus The Terminator · Mindhunter · Batman/Aliens · Batman versus Predator · Green Lantern versus Aliens · Judge Dredd vs. Aliens · Predator · Predator vs. Judge Dredd · Superman and Batman versus Aliens and Predator · Superman/Aliens · Superman vs. Predator · WildC.A.T.s/Aliens · Aliens/Predator: Deadliest of the Species
Castes from the Alien expanded universe · Predator technology · Space Jockey ·Sulaco · Weyland-Yutani
Related articles
Alien 2 ·Alien Loves Predator · Alien War ·Aliens: Colonial Marines Technical Manual · Val Verde ·Batman: Dead End
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliens_(comic_book)”
Categories: Dark Horse Comics limited series | Alien (franchise) comics | Comics based on filmsHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from January 2008 | All articles needing additional references | Title pop
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This page was last modified on 4 February 2010 at 09:27.
Batang Benar is a Malaysian commuter train station located near and named after the small town of Batang Benar, Negeri Sembilan. The station is situated off the 4th kilometre of Jalan Pajam, 4 kilometres from the old town of Nilai and the Nilai Komuter station.
The station primarily serves Rawang-to-Seremban KTM Komuter train services. In addition, the station is situated along a four-lane railway network (consisting of two acceptance routes at both sides and two basic routes in the middle), in charge of managing railway switches and supports a small railway staff. The station has only two platforms for northbound or southbound passengers.
The station is located close to a hillside rock quarry visible from the railroad and station. As such, the station’s line is also used to hold hopper cars that receive pebbles from the mine via lorries.
Preceding station
Light Rail Transit
Following station
Bangi
Rawang-Seremban Line
Nilai
v•d•e
Train stations in Klang Valley (including Kuala Lumpur), Malaysia
Kelana Jaya Line
Terminal PUTRA · Taman Melati · Wangsa Maju · Sri Rampai (closed) · Setiawangsa · Jelatek · Dato’ Keramat · Damai · Ampang Park · KLCC · Kampung Baru · Dang Wangi · Masjid Jamek · Pasar Seni · KL Sentral · Bangsar · Abdullah Hukum · Kerinchi · Universiti · Taman Jaya · Asia Jaya · Taman Paramount · Taman Bahagia · Kelana Jaya
Ampang Line
Common stations:
To Sri Petaling:
To Ampang:
KL Monorail
KL Sentral · Tun Sambanthan · Maharajalela · Hang Tuah · Imbi · Bukit Bintang · Raja Chulan · Bukit Nanas · Medan Tuanku · Chow Kit · Titiwangsa
KLIA Ekspres
KL Sentral · KLIA
KLIA Transit
KL Sentral · Bandar Tasik Selatan · Putrajaya/Cyberjaya · Salak Tinggi · KLIA
Tanjung Malim · Kuala Kubu Bharu · Rasa · Batang Kali · Serendah · Rawang · Kuang · Sungai Buloh ·Kepong Sentral · Kepong · Segambut · Putra · Bank Negara · Kuala Lumpur · KL Sentral · Mid Valley · Seputeh · Salak Selatan · Bandar Tasik Selatan · Serdang · Kajang · UKM · Bangi ·Batang Benar · Nilai · Labu · Tiroi · Seremban
Sentul-Port Klang Route
Batu Caves · Taman Wahyu · Kampung Batu · Batu Kentonmen · Sentul · Putra · Bank Negara · Kuala Lumpur · KL Sentral · Angkasapuri · Pantai Dalam · Petaling · Jalan Templer · Kampung Dato Harun · Seri Setia · Setia Jaya · Subang Jaya ·Batu Tiga · Shah Alam · Padang Jawa · Bukit Badak · Klang · Teluk Pulai · Teluk Gadong · Kampung Raja Uda · Jalan Kastam · Port Klang
This Malaysia rail-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batang_Benar_Komuter_station”
Categories: Station of Malaysian Railway | Rawang-Seremban Line stations | Malaysia rail stubs
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This page was last modified on 6 January 2010 at 23:47.
The Mansion, a Los Angeles mansion owned by music producer Rick Rubin
“The Mansion,” a song by John Vanderslice from his album Life and Death of an American Fourtracker
The Mansion (book), a 1959 book written by novelist William Faulkner
The Mansion on Turtle Creek, a Dallas five-star restaurant locally referred to as “The Mansion”
The Mansion (TV series), an Australian satirical news program.
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mansion_(disambiguation)”
Categories: Disambiguation pagesHidden categories: All article disambiguation pages | All disambiguation pages
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This page was last modified on 25 April 2008 at 03:28.
Kielder can refer to a number of locations in Northumberland, England:
Kielder, Northumberland a village
Kielder Water a reservoir
Kielder Forest
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kielder”
Categories: Disambiguation pagesHidden categories: All article disambiguation pages | All disambiguation pages
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This page was last modified on 12 November 2008 at 10:27.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Eagle”
Categories: Historical currencies of the United States | Coins of the United States | United States gold coins
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This page was last modified on 22 January 2010 at 09:26.
National Hockey League consortium (58%)
CTV Specialty Television Inc. (21.42%)
Insight Sports Ltd. (20.58%)
Slogan
The Home of Hockey
Country
Canada
Broadcast area
National
Headquarters
Scarborough, Ontario
Sister channel(s)
NHL Network USA
Website
NHL Network
Availability
Satellite
Bell TV
Channel 421
Shaw Direct
Channel 465
Cable
Available on many Canadian cable systems
Check local listings
Silver logo used from 2005 - 2007. Original logo from 2001 - 2005 used original NHL logo colours; black and orange
NHL Network is a Canadian English language category 2 digital cable specialty channel devoted to hockey from the past and the present. Its main focus is on the National Hockey League (NHL) and their games, but it also airs games from other leagues, such as minor league and international hockey to fill its schedule. The channel is owned by a consortium from the National Hockey League, CTV Specialty Television Inc. and Insight Sports Ltd..
Each evening, during the regular season, the channel broadcasts their flagship show called NHL on the Fly, featuring instant updates and live segments of games in progress.
Contents
1Programs
1.1Live games
1.2Special Event Coverage
2See also
3References
4External links
Programs
NHL Live! - Television Broadcast of the XM Radio show NHL Live! on Monday-Friday, Noon-2pm and rebroadcast from 5–7pm
Top 10 - A nightly countdown show of anything hockey, from great performances to memorable moments, some of the most dramatic events in NHL history are ranked.
Frozen in Time - A look back at the NHL’s greatest moments from players, teams and special events.
NHL All Access - A behind-the-scenes look at the NHL, featuring exclusive game coverage, interviews with players and much more.
NHL Cool Shots - Program produced by the NHL, features behind-the-scenes look at NHL players and what they do when they are not playing hockey.
NHL on the Fly - Signature show that airs nightly during the regular season, features news and reports, interviews and constant updates and live segments from games in progress with hosts Dan Pollard and Brian Duff. Also features analysis from Gary Green and former players Dave Reid, Larry Murphy, Kevin Weekes, Bob Errey, Bill Berg, Mike Johnson (ice hockey) and former Flames General Manager Craig Button.
NHL on the Fly: Final - Airs nightly following NHL on the Fly, a wrap-up of the all the day’s games
Classic Series - Airs daily a collection of highlights from games of past playoff series.
Vintage Games - A whole game from the past.
Logo used from 2007 - 2009
Live games
NHL games - Live coverage of 40 plus games throughout the season, including four “Fan Favourite” games.
Special Event Coverage
NHL Winter Classic - Complimentary coverage of the outdoor game held on New Year’s in 2008 in Orchard Park, New York, 2009 in Chicago and 2010 in Boston.
National Hockey League All-Star Game Complimentary coverage including Coach’s Round Table, Meet the Young Stars, East and West practices, All-Star media availability, Red Carpet Saturday, and All-Star pre-game live from the dressing rooms.
NHL Entry Draft Complimentary coverage of Round 1 (Friday) and live exclusive coverage of Rounds 2-7 Saturday.
See also
NHL Network (United States)
TSN
References
^ ab Consortium ownership per CRTC ownership charts: National Hockey League - 20%; Ottawa Senators, Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames - 26.67% each
External links
NHL Network
v•d•e
National Hockey League on national television
Contract history
Ice hockey broadcasting • Sports television broadcast contracts (Canada) • Sports television broadcast contracts (United States) • History of the NHL on United States television
American over-the-air broadcast partners
ABC • CBS • Fox • NBC • RKO
Canadian over-the-air broadcast partners
CBC • CTV • Global • Radio-Canada
American pay TV broadcast partners
ESPN • SportsChannel America • USA • Versus
Canadian pay TV broadcast partners
RDS • RIS • Rogers Sportsnet • TSN
NHL owned and operated entites
NHL Network (1975-1979 version) • NHL Network (American) • NHL Network (Canadian) • NHL Center Ice (American) • NHL Centre Ice (Canadian)
News television series
After Hours • NHL 2Night • NHL on the Fly • Hockey Central • Hockey Central (Versus) • That’s Hockey
Speciality programming
Making the Cut: Last Man Standing
Broadcasters by event
All-Star Game • Stanley Cup Eastern Conference Finals • Stanley Cup Western Conference Finals • Stanley Cup Finals • Winter Classic
Local broadcasters
Current broadcasters • Hawkvision • Leafs TV • Over-the-air broadcasters • Sabres Hockey Network • Pittsburgh Penguins Confidential
v•d•e
CTVglobemedia Inc.
Corporate directors
Geoff Beattie (Chairman) · David Binet · Ronald Close · Ivan Fecan (President and CEO) · Gordon Lackenbauer · James Leech · Robert Prichard · Pamela Wallin
ATN Cricket Plus • ESPN Classic Canada •The Fight Network •Fox Sports World Canada •GolTV •HPItv •NHL Network •OLN •Raptors NBA TV •Rogers Sportsnet •Rush HD •Setanta Sports •The Score •TSN •TSN2 •Wild TV •World Fishing Network
National (French)
RDS • RIS
Regional (English)
Breakaway PPV • Leafs TV •Sens TV
Occasional broadcasts
bold • Citytv •EastLink TV •TVA •V
Defunct
CFN • WTSN •X-Treme Sports
Foreign
Big Ten Network (USA) • CBS College Sports Network (USA) •Golf Channel (USA) •NFL Network (USA) •Speed (USA)
v•d•e
NHL Network (1975-1979 version)
Related programs
Hockey Night in Canada
Related articles
NHL Network (Canada) • NHL Network (United States) • Hughes Television Network • History of the NHL on United States television
Commentators
All-Star Game • Stanley Cup Eastern Conference Finals • Stanley Cup Western Conference Finals • Stanley Cup Finals • Historical NHL over-the-air television broadcasters
Key figures
Don Awrey • Marv Albert • Curt Bennett • Bill Chadwick • Terry Crisp • Fred Cusick • Ted Darling • Don Earle • Phil Esposito • Eddie Giacomin • Jim Gordon • Gene Hart • Bobby Hull • Steve Jensen • Dan Kelly • Jiggs McDonald • George Michael • Stan Mikita • Bobby Orr • Glenn Resch • Tim Ryan • Dick Stockton • Garry Unger
All-Star Games
1976 • 1977 • 1978 • 1979
Stanley Cup Finals
1976 • 1977 • 1978 • 1979
Super Series
1976 (Flyers versus Red Army)
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHL_Network_(Canada)”
Categories: National Hockey League on television | CTVglobemedia | Sports television networks in Canada | Television channels and stations established in 2001 | Canadian digital cable television networks
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(Redirected from Mathias Lock)
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This biography of a living person does not cite any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately. (September 2009)
Design, 1744, Matthias Lock V&A Museum no. 27811:6
Matthias Lock was an English 18th century furniture designer and cabinet-maker. The dates of his birth and death are unknown; but he was a disciple of Chippendale, and subsequently of the Adams, and was possibly in partnership with Henry Copeland.
During the greater part of his life he belonged to that flamboyant school which derived its inspiration from Louis XV models; but when he fell under the influence of Robert Adam he absorbed his manner so completely that it is of ten difficult to distinguish between them, just as it is sometimes easy to confound Locks work with the weaker efforts of Chippendale. Thus from being extravagantly rococo he progressed to a simple ordered classicism. His published designs are not equal to his original drawings, many of which are preserved in the Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington, while the pieces themselves are often bolder and more solid than is suggested by the authors representations of them. He was a clever craftsman and holds a distinct place among the minor furniture designers of the second half of the 18th century.
Among his works, some of which were issued in conjunction with Copeland, are: A New Drawing Book of Ornaments; A New Book of Ornaments (1768); A New Book of Pier Frames, Ovals, Girandoles, Tables, etc. (1769); and A New Book of Foliage (1769).
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Lock”
Categories: British furniture designers | Furniture makers | Living peopleHidden categories: Unreferenced BLPs from September 2009 | All unreferenced BLPs | Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica | Year of birth missing (living people)
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Electronic Voting Machines (”EVM”) are being used in Indian General and State Elections to implement electronic voting in part from 1999 elections and in total since 2002 elections. The EVMs reduce the time in both casting a vote and declaring the results compared to the old paper ballot system.
Contents
1History
2Technology
3Features
4Benefits
5Usage of an EVM
6Limitations of electronic voting
7See also
8References
9External links
History
The EVMs were devised and designed by Election Commission of India in collaboration with two Public Sector undertakings viz., Bharat Electronics Limited, Bangalore and Electronics Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad. The EVMs are now manufactured by the above two undertakings.
EVMs were first used in 1982 in the by-election to Parur Assembly Constituency of Kerala for a limited number of polling stations (50 polling stations).
Technology
Indian voting machines use a two-piece system with a balloting unit presenting the voter with a button (momentary switch) for each choice connected by a cable to an electronic ballot box.
An EVM consists of two units:
Control Unit
Balloting Unit
The two units are joined by a five-meter cable. The Control Unit is with the Presiding Officer or a Polling Officer and the Balloting Unit is placed inside the voting compartment. Instead of issuing a ballot paper, the Polling Officer in-charge of the Control Unit will press the Ballot Button. This will enable the voter to cast his vote by pressing the blue button on the Balloting Unit against the candidate and symbol of his choice.
The microchip used in EVMs is manufactured in Japan and it is sealed at the time of import. It cannot be opened and any attempt to rewrite the program cannot be done without damaging the chip.
Further details regarding this unit are available at: http://www.bel-india.com/BELWebsite/images/EVM_Features.pdf
Features
EVMs are powered by an ordinary 6 volt alkaline battery manufactured by Bharat Electronics Ltd., Bangalore and ElectronicCorporation of India Ltd., Hyderabad. This design enables the use of EVMs throughout the country without interruptions because several parts of India do not have power supply and/or erratic power supply.
Currently, an EVM can record a maximum of 3840 votes, which is sufficient for a polling station as they typically have no more than 1400 voters assigned.
Currently, an EVM can cater to a maximum of 64 candidates. There is provision for 16 candidates in a Balloting Unit. If the total number of candidates exceeds 16, a second Balloting Unit can be linked parallel to the first Balloting Unit and so on till a maximum of 4 units and 64 candidates. The conventional ballot paper/box method of polling is used if the number of candidates exceeds 64.
It is not possible to vote more than once by pressing the button again and again. As soon as a particular button on the Balloting Unit is pressed, the vote is recorded for that particular candidate and the machine gets locked. Even if one presses that button further or any other button, no further vote will be recorded. This way the EVMs ensure the principle of “one person, one vote”.
The EVMs cannot be pre-programmed to favour a party or a candidate because the order in which the name of a candidate/party appears on the balloting unit depends on the order of filing of nominations and validity of the candidature, this sequence cannot be predicted in advance. Further, the selection of EVMs for polling stations is randomized by computer selection preventing the advance knowledge of assignment of specific EVMs to polling stations.
Benefits
The cost per EVM (One Control Unit, one Balloting Unit and one battery) was Rs.5,500/- at the time the machines were purchased in 1989-90. Even though the initial investment was somewhat heavy, it was more than neutralised by the savings in the matter of production and printing of ballot papers in lakhs, their transportation, storage etc., and the substantial reduction in the counting staff and the remuneration paid to them.
It will be easier to transport the EVMs compared to ballot boxes as EVMs are lighter, portable and come with polypropylene carrying cases.
The vote-counting is very fast and the result can be declared within 2 to 3 hours as compared to 30–40 hours, on an average, under the ballot-paper system.
In countries like India, where illiteracy is still a factor, illiterate people find EVMs easier than ballot paper system, where one has to put the voting stamp on the symbol of the candidate of his/her choice, fold it first vertically and then horizontally, and put it into the ballot box. In EVMs, the voter has to simply press the blue button against the candidate and symbol of his choice and the vote is recorded.
Bogus voting can be greatly reduced by the use of EVMs. In case of ballot paper system, a bogus voter can stuff thousands of bogus ballot papers inside the ballot box. But, an EVM is programmed to record only five votes in a minute. This will frustrate the bogus voters. Further, the maximum number of votes that can be cast in a single EVM is 3840.
If an EVM goes out-of-order then, the Election Officer, in-charge of the polling booth, can replace the defunct EVM with a spare EVM. The votes recorded until the stage when the EVM went out of order remain safe in the memory of the Control Unit and it is not necessary to start the poll from the beginning.
The Control Unit can store the result in its memory for 10 years and even more. The battery is required only to activate the EVMs at the time of polling and counting. As soon as the polling is over, the battery can be switched off and this will be required to be switched on only at the time of counting. The battery can be removed as soon as the result is taken and can be kept separately. Therefore, there is no question of battery leaking or otherwise damaging EVMs. Even when the battery is removed the memory in the microchip remains intact. If the Court orders a recount, the Control Unit can be reactivated by fixing the battery and it will display the result stored in the memory.
Invalid votes can be avoided by use of EVMs. When ballot system was used in India, the number of invalid votes was more than the winning margin between the candidates in every general elections. With EVMs, there are no invalid votes.
Since EVMs work on a 6-volt battery, there is absolutely no risk of any voter getting an electric shock.
Usage of an EVM
If the number of candidates is less than the maximum capacity of the EVM, the extra panels are masked before use.
Before the commencement of the polling process, the Presiding Officer demonstrates to the polling agents present that there are no hidden votes already recorded in the machine by pressing the ‘Result’ button. Then he or she conducts a mock poll by asking the polling agents to record their votes and presses the result button to satisfy them that the result shown is strictly according to the choice recorded by them. Finally the clear button is pressed to clear the result of the mock poll and the unit is sealed before sending it to the respective polling booths. (Not sure about this part: is this testing/sealing done at a Central/State level or at a Polling Booth level?)
Each Control Unit has a unique ID Number, which is painted on each unit with a permanent marker. This ID Number will be allowed to be noted by the Polling Agents and will also be recorded in a Register maintained for the purpose by the Returning Officer. The address tag attached to the Control Unit also will indicate this ID Number. This is to avoid replacement of a genuine EVM by another one.
As soon as the voter presses the ‘blue button’ against the candidate and symbol of his choice, a tiny lamp on the left side of the symbol glows red and simultaneously a long beep sound is heard. Thus, there is both audio and visual indications for the voter to be assured that his vote has been recorded.
As soon as the last voter has voted, the Polling Officer in-charge of the Control Unit will press the ‘Close’ Button. Thereafter, the EVM will not accept any votes. Further, after the close of poll, the Balloting Unit is disconnected from the Control Unit and kept separately. Votes can be recorded only through the Balloting Unit. Again the Presiding officer, at the close of the poll, will hand over to each polling agent present an account of votes recorded. At the time of counting of votes, the total will be tallied with this account and if there is any discrepancy, this will be pointed out by the Counting Agents.
During the counting of votes, the results are displayed by pressing the ‘Result’ button. There are two safeguards to prevent the ‘Result’ button from being pressed before the counting of votes officially begins. (a) This button cannot be pressed till the ‘Close’ button is pressed by the Polling Officer in-charge at the end of the voting process in the polling booth. (b) This button is hidden and sealed; this can be broken only at the counting center in the presence of designated officials.
Limitations of electronic voting
A candidate can know how many people from a polling station voted for him. For example, in Indian general elections, 2004; the day after the election results were declared, The Times of India, Mumbai carried statistics about which areas in Mumbai voted for which candidate. People from Kandivali gave more votes to Govinda, while people from Borivali polled more votes for his opponent Ram Naik. This is a significant issue particularly if lop-sided votes for/against a candidate are cast in individual polling stations. The Election Commission of India has stated that the manufacturers of the EVMs have developed a ‘Totaliser’ unit which can connect several Balloting Units and would display only the overall results from an Assembly or a Lok Sabha constituency instead of votes from individual polling stations.
The control units do not electronically transmit their results back the Election Commission, even though a simple and unconditionally secure protocol for doing this exists. The Indian EVMs are purposely designed as stand-alone units to prevent any intrusion during electronic transmission of results. Instead, the EVMs are collected in counting booths and tallied on the assigned counting day(s) in the presence of polling agents of the candidates.
See also
Voting machine
References
This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (April 2009)
^ Electronic Voting Machine,Chapter 39,Reference handbook, Election commission of India
Presentations on EVM at the Election Commission of India website
FAQ on EVM used by the Election Commission of India
The Bombay Ballot: What the U.S. can learn from India’s electronic voting machines. Slate.com Article dated 29 September 2004, accessed 14 May 2006.
Electronic Voting Machine: An Electronic Marvel. Indian-Elections.com Article accessed 14 May 2006.
Gearing up for India’s Electronic Election. BBC Article dated 27 February 2004, accessed 14 May 2006.
Global lessons in e-voting News.com Article dated 30 September 2004, accessed 14 May 2006.
A voting revolution in India? Businessweek Article dated 19 April 2004, accessed 14 May 2006.
Indian elections enter final phase. Guardian Article dated 10 May 2004, accessed 14 May 2006.
Article related to voting by ballot paper in The New York Times dated 29 December 1984, accessed 14 May 2006.
Indian EVM compared with Diebold. Techaos blog dated 13 May 2004, accessed 3 September 2006.
http://brainstorms.in/?p=309 How do we vote in India with EVM.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_voting_machines”
Categories: Science and technology in India | Elections in India | Electronic voting by countryHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from August 2009 | Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2009 | All articles lacking in-text citations
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This page was last modified on 22 December 2009 at 21:35.
